Computational models of tacit knowledge

نویسندگان

  • Madan Dabbeeru
  • Amitabha Mukerjee
چکیده

When an expert designer uses a term such as “interference fit" or “H7r6", they effortlessly invoke a rich set of associations across a wide range of experience. While at one level, the meaning of a termsuch as H7 is formally specified, many of these associations are implicitand hard to characterize formally. The explicit concepts build on layersof implicit abstraction; e.g. the concept of _t would be difficult toachieve without the commonsense notion of “tight", discriminated byhuman infants from five month onwards. We propose that such ubiquitousexpertise may be acquired as functionally relevant low-dimensionalchunks in an experiential space, which are then stabilized through language.The technical terms of design build on these everyday conceptsby mechanisms such as extension or narrowing of their semantics. Wesuggest a two-stage computational analog of this process: a) the babydesigner stage learns elementary concepts as tacit patterns on an inputspace; and b) the novice designer stage relates these early conceptsto explicitly defined design terms to arrive at a grounded semantics forthe new symbols. We illustrate the process through the development ofconcepts such as interference fit. Now we see tacit knowledge opposed to explicit knowledge; but these twoare not sharply divided. While tacit knowledge can be possessed by itself, explicit knowledge must rely on being tacitly understood and applied.Hence all knowledge is either tacit or rooted in tacit knowledge. A whollyexplicit knowledge is unthinkable. Michael Polanyi [1] 6.1 Design concepts build on everyday experiences Consider a designers' understanding of the terms “running fit" and “interference fit" in mechanical assemblies. A running fit, where an object slides smoothly with very little clearance, may have a tolerance of H7-g6 (e.g. in a bush bearing) [2]. On the other hand an interference fit that can transmit force (e.g. a gear on a shaft), may have a tolerance of H7-r6. Terms such as “H7” are formally defined as a band of tolerance for the hole, and “g6” or “r6”, as a tolerance range on the shaft. A formal inference process can then combine these two definitions to de-

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تاریخ انتشار 2012